探微计划：人类学专题：人类创造了工具，工具又或”毁灭“、”重塑“了人类？AI人工智能技术加持下的社会构建变迁、文化产业升级与人类行为综合研究

在本项目中，学生将考虑如何在政治思想中解决对妇女在人类社会中地位的关切，以及这对法律的影响。要做到这一点，学生需要将对这一问题的处理置于政治理论的广泛范围中：包括现代性和自由主义、后现代性、导致酷儿理论的应用后现代主义形式、批判种族理论、后殖民主义理论，以及所有这些在“社会正义”理论的大伞下导致从“女性主义”、“女权主义”转向“性别研究”、“平权主义”的方式。项目通过一系列案例研究，学生将自主评估这些不同理论对现代法律的影响。

We will consider how a concern for the position of women in human society has been addressed in political thought, and the implications this has for law. To do this, we need to situate the treatment of this concern within the broader trends of political theory: modernity and liberalism, post-modernity, the form of applied post-modernism that has led to queer theory, critical race theory, post-colonial theory, and the way all the foregoing, under a general umbrella of ‘social justice’ theory, have led to a departure from feminism to ‘gender studies’. We will review what the implications of these different approaches are to law, both separately, and then, when we have gone through them all, collectively, through a series of case studies.

Through the examination of highly influential texts in Western political theory, as well as specific case studies from recent and contemporary politics, this course provides a basic introduction to certain fundamental topics in political theory, with special attention to its global dimension. Philosophically speaking, students taking this course hopefully will learn, among other things, the following topics: conceptual tools to examine the make-up of any political regime (employing Max Weber’s threefold notions of traditional, legal-rational, charismatic forms of legitimate authority); familiarization with a major philosophical puzzle in political affairs, namely the question of whether it is possible for political actors to rely on purely moral means when engaged in international relations and other forms of politics; examination of what it means to describe something as “political”; the meaning of “power,” with special attention to Foucault’s differentiation between “sovereign” and “disciplinary” forms of power; and consideration of the vexing question of what responsibilities, if any, wealthier individuals today might owe to those, throughout the globe, who are destitute. In order to illuminate these philosophical topics and make them more concrete, the course will make use of case studies. These are expected to include: the nature of the contemporary American regime; the question of whether torture ought to have any role at all in political life; institutional efforts to achieve global peace, whether from the League of Nations (1920-1946) or the United Nations; the ever-growing surveillance technologies that states and other actors employ to regulate ever-greater portions of public and private life; and ongoing humanitarian crises in Gaza, Palestine, and other locations. Overall, the course has three goals: (i) to introduce students to alternate approaches to the practice of political theory; (ii) to introduce students to numerous relatively self-contained debates important to contemporary political theorists; and (iii) to address major figures from the history of political thought, with an eye toward explaining what makes them vital to political theorists today. Most of all, the course aims provide students with concepts and ideas by which to more clearly make sense of politics. 本项目通过对西方政治理论中极具影响力的理论与流派的考察，结合对近当代政治局势的具体案例研究使学生从全球维度层面了解近当代政治理论中的基本主题和内容。本项目有三个主要目标目标:首先是通过对当前中东地区政治形势的分析，带领学生了解现代政治理论实践的具体方法。其次是，带领学生分析许多对当代政治理论家的相对独立的辩论话题。最后是向学生介绍政治思想史上的主要人物，并分析其对当前国际政治理论的深远影响。学生在学习过程中将收获政治学与国际关系学中的概念和理论，进而更清楚地理解当前的世界政治局势。在项目中，从哲学角度，学生将学到以下主题:检验政治体制构成的概念性工具(采用马克斯•韦伯的三种概念，即传统的、法理的、魅力的合法权威形式); 政治事务中的一个主要难题：从政者在从事国际关系和其他政治行为时是否可以只依靠纯道德衡量; “政治性”对于国际关系中的具体行为意味着什么; “权力”的意义：福柯对“主权”和“纪律”形式的区分;当前世界种富人可能对全球的贫困人口的责任是什么(如果有的话)等话题。随着项目深入学生将深化每个主题通过具体案例研究讨论包括:当代美国政权的性质;酷刑是否应该在政治生活中发挥作用的问题;国际联盟(1920-1946)和联合国为实现全球和平所作的努力;国家和其他团体为了监管越来越多的公共和私人生活从而使用的监控技术;以及阿拉伯地区、加沙地带和其他地区正在发生的人道主义危机。在项目结束后，学生将收获学术报告，并进行成果展示。项目将以论文作为最终产出。